HSC Maths Adv Examination Paper Options

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Have you ever seen the 2021 HSC Arithmetic Superior (2 Unit) examination paper but?

On this submit, we are going to work our method via the 2021 HSC Maths Superior (2 Unit) paper and provide the options, written by our Head of Arithmetic Oak Ukrit and his staff. (Doing follow papers? See the options for the 2020 HSC Maths Adv Examination right here.)

Learn on to see tips on how to reply the entire 2021 questions.

 

Part 1. A number of Alternative

()

Query Reply Resolution
1. B start{align*}
sin^2 5x + cos^2 5x &= 1
sin^2 5x &= 1 – cos^2 5x
finish{align*}
2. C start{align*}
E(X) &= sum_{x = 1}^3 x P(X = x)
&= (1)(0.6) + (2)(0.3) + (3)(0.1)
&= 1.5
finish{align*}
3. D Since a logarithm can solely settle for constructive enter, we have to be constrained by
start{align*}
1 – x &> 0
– x &> -1
x &< 1 textual content{ or equivalently, } x in (-infty, 1)
finish{align*}
4. C Choices (A) and (D) present that there are near 100 downloads on day 1, which isn’t according to the graph given, so they’re fallacious. The graph given reveals that the variety of downloads will increase from day 1 to day 10, and it decreases after that. Possibility (B) reveals that the variety of downloads each day is roughly the identical, and that’s inconsistent with the graph given. The graph in possibility (C) is according to all of the options proven within the graph given.
5. A Plugging in (x = 0) shortly offers the y-intercept as (y = 10(0.8)^0 = 10).
For the reason that base of the exponential, (0.8), is lower than one, then (y) ought to lower because it takes on bigger values of (x).
6. D 2021 hsc maths advanced solutions question 6 answer diagram

start{align*}
P(textual content{one P and one C}) &= frac{3}{8} occasions frac{5}{7} + frac{5}{8} occasions frac{3}{7}
&= frac{15}{28}
finish{align*}

7. A At (x = -2), the curve has a minimal turning level so (f”(-2) > 0).
At (x = 0), the curve attains a destructive y-intercept, so (f(0) < 0).
At (x = 3), the curve has a most turning level, so (f'(3) = 0).
Ordering from smallest to largest, now we have

(f(0) < f'(3) < f”(-2).)

8. C The graph of (y = f(x)) has a single root at (x = -1) and a triple root at (x = 3), so the type of the polynomial is (y = a(x + 1)(x – 2)^3).
The behaviour of the curve on the extremities implies the main coefficient have to be destructive, which makes (C) the answer.
9. B The spinoff of (h(x) = f(g(x))) is (h'(x) = f'(g(x)) g'(x)) by the chain rule.
We’re on condition that the tangent to (y = h(x)) at (x = okay) has the equation (y = mx + c), so the spinoff at (x = okay) have to be the gradient. That’s, (h'(okay) = m).
The gradient of the brand new tangent at (x = -k) isbegin{align*}
h'(-k) &= f'(g(-k)) g'(-k)
&= f'(g(okay)) g'(-k) &  g(x) textual content{ is even means } g(-x) = g(x)
&= f'(g(okay)) [-g'(k)] & textual content{Spinoff of a fair perform is odd}
&= -h'(okay)
&= -m
finish{align*}For the reason that tangent at (x = okay) should intersect (y = h(x)), then (h(okay) = mk + c).start{align*}
h(-k) &= f(g(-k))
&= f(g(okay))
&= mk + c
finish{align*}We are able to use point-gradient method right here,start{align*}
y – (mk + c) &= -m(x + okay)
y – mk – c &= -mx – mk
y &= -mx + c
finish{align*}
10.  B  The general image is

2021 HSC Maths Adv Exam Paper Solutions question 10 part 1 large graph

Zooming into the place the tangent touches the (y = cos x) curve,

By contemplating the gradients of the above traces, we then have the ordering

(frac{1}{2pi} < m < frac{1}{a})

 

Lengthy Response Questions

Query 11

start{align*}
x + frac{x – 1}{2} &= 9
2x + x – 1 &= 18
3x &= 19
x &= frac{19}{3}
finish{align*}

Query 12a

start{align*}
cos 30^circ &= frac{XY}{16}
XY &= 16 cos 30^circ
&= 16 (frac{sqrt{3}}{2})
&approx 13.86 ; textual content{cm}  textual content{(2 d.p.)}
finish{align*}

 

Query 12b

start{align*}
textual content{Space of semicircle} &= frac{1}{2} occasions pi(8)^2
&= 32pi ; textual content{cm}^2
finish{align*}

Utilizing the Pythagorean theorem, we are able to full the triangle as

2021 HSC Maths Adv Exam Paper Solutions question 12b triangle diagram

start{align*}
textual content{Space of triangle} &= frac{1}{2}(8)(8 sqrt{3})
&= 32 sqrt{3} ; textual content{cm}^2
finish{align*}start{align*}
textual content{Whole space of shaded area} &= textual content{Space of semicircle} – textual content{Space of triangle}
&= 32 pi – 32 sqrt{3}
&approx 45.1 ; textual content{cm}^2  textual content{(1 d.p.)}
finish{align*}

 

Query 13

start{align*}
y &= x tan(x)
frac{dy}{dx} &= 1 occasions tan(x) + x occasions sec^2(x)
&= tan(x) + x sec^2(x)
finish{align*}At (x = frac{pi}{3}),start{align*}
frac{dy}{dx} &= tan(frac{pi}{3}) + frac{pi}{3} sec^2(frac{pi}{3})
&= sqrt{3} + frac{pi}{3} occasions frac{1}{frac{1}{4}}
&= sqrt{3} + frac{4pi}{3}
finish{align*}(∴ textual content{gradient of tangent at } x = frac{pi}{3} textual content{ is } sqrt{3} + frac{4pi}{3})

 

Query 14

start{align*}
S_n &= frac{n}{2} huge(2 a + (n-1) dbig)
2021 &= frac{43}{2} huge(2 occasions 5 + (43-1)dbig)
94 &= 10 + 42d
d &= frac{94 – 10}{42}
&= 2
finish{align*}

 

Query 15

start{align*}
int_{-2}^0 sqrt{2x + 4} ; dx &= int_{-2}^0 (2x + 4)^{frac{1}{2}} ; dx
&= frac{2}{3} occasions frac{1}{2} left[(2x + 4)^{frac{3}{2}}right]_{-2}^0
&= frac{1}{3} [4^{frac{3}{2}} – 0]
&= frac{8}{3}
finish{align*}

 

Query 16

(f(x) textual content{ is rising when } f'(x) > 0.)

start{align*}
f'(x) &= 2x – 6x^2
&= 2x(1-3x)
finish{align*}

(2x(1-3x) geq 0)
(∴ f'(x) geq 0 textual content{ when } x in (0, frac{1}{3}) )
(∴ f(x) textual content{ is rising when } x in (0, frac{1}{3}))

 

Query 17 a

(i)

start{align*}
y &= 29.2 – 0.011(540)
&= 23.26^circ textual content{C}
&approx 23.3^circ textual content{C}  textual content{(1 d.p.)}
finish{align*}

 

(ii)

As the peak of the city above sea degree will increase, the typical most every day temperature decreases. Particularly, for each metre above sea degree, there’s roughly a (0.011^circ textual content{C}) lower within the common most every day temperature. Because the correlation coefficient is 0.494, there’s a average destructive correlation of this knowledge.

 

Query 17b

Latitude can be a greater predictor of the city’s common every day most temperature as there’s a stronger destructive correlation for this knowledge of (r = -0.897) versus solely a average destructive correlation coefficient of (-0.494) given by the comparability of the peak above sea degree and common every day most temperature.

 

Query 18

Utilizing sine rule in (triangle ABC), let (angle ABC = alpha).

start{align*}
frac{sin(alpha)}{25} &= frac{sinleft(28^circright)}{16}
sin(alpha) &= frac{25}{16} sin(28^circ)
∴alpha &= sin^{-1}left(frac{25}{16} sin(28^circ)proper)
finish{align*}The 2 options are,start{align*}
∴ alpha &= sin^{-1}left(frac{25}{16} sin(28^circ)proper) textual content{, } 180^circ – sin^{-1}left(frac{25}{16} sin(28^circ)proper).
finish{align*}Since (alpha) is obtuse,start{align*}
∴ alpha &= 180^circ – sin^{-1}left(frac{25}{16} sin(28^circ)proper)
&approx 133^circ ; textual content{(nearest diploma)}
finish{align*}

 

Query 19

The graph of (y = 2 + frac{1}{x+4}) is:

2021 HSC Maths Adv Exam Paper Solutions question

Query 20

start{align*}
2 sin(4x) &= 1
sin(4x) &= frac{1}{2}
finish{align*}To unravel for (0 leq x leq frac{pi}{4}), we have to clear up the above trigonometric equation for (0 leq 4x leq pi).start{align*}
∴ 4x &= frac{pi}{6}, frac{5pi}{6}.
∴  x &= frac{pi}{24}, frac{5pi}{24}.
finish{align*}

Query 21

The turning two turning factors are at (0,0) and (2, -32) and (x)-intercepts at 0 and three.

 

2021 HSC Maths Adv Exam Paper Solutions question 21 graph

 

Query 22a

start{align*}
& 0.1915 – 0.0398 = 0.1517
finish{align*}

Query 22b

start{align*}
& P(W > 3528)
&= P(Z > frac{3528 – 3300}{570})
&= P(Z > 0.4)
&= 1 – P(Z leq 0) – P(0 < Z < 0.4)
&= 1 – frac{1}{2} – 0.1554
&= 0.3446.
finish{align*}start{align*}
∴ textual content{Anticipated variety of infants out of } 1000 &= 1000 occasions 0.3446
&= 345 textual content{(nearest entire child)}
finish{align*}

 

Query 23

First clear up for (b) by substituting (P = 1250) and (t = 20),

start{align*}
1250 &= 5000b^{-frac{20}{10}}
frac{1}{4} &= b^{-2}
b^2 &= 4
∴b &= 2  textual content{ since } b textual content{ is constructive}.
finish{align*}Differentiate (P(t)) to be able to discover (t) when (frac{dP}{dt} = -30).start{align*}
frac{dP}{dt} &= frac{5000 occasions ln{2} occasions 2^{frac{-t}{10}}}{-10}
&= -500 occasions ln{2} occasions 2^{frac{-t}{10}}
finish{align*}Let (frac{dP}{dt} = -30) and clear up for (t),start{align*}
-30 &= -500 occasions ln{2} occasions 2^{frac{-t}{10}}
2^{frac{-t}{10}} &= frac{30}{500 occasions ln{2}}
frac{-t}{10} &= log_2 left(frac{30}{500 occasions ln{2}}proper)
∴ t &= -10 log_2 left(frac{30}{500 occasions ln{2}}proper)
∴ t &approx 35.3 textual content{ years (1 d.p.)}.
finish{align*}

 

Query 24

start{align*}
textual content{Shaded space} &= frac{1}{2}(2)(3) + int_{2}^4 frac{3}{x – 1} ; dx
&= 3 + 3 left[ln{(x-1)}right]_{2}^{4}
&= 3 + 3left[ln{(3)} – ln{(1)}right]
&= 3 + 3ln{(3)}
&= 3 + ln{(27)} ; textual content{items}^2
finish{align*}

Query 25

Utilizing the desk of future worth curiosity elements for the primary 8 years,

start{align*}
A &= 8.2132 occasions 1000
&= 8213.2
finish{align*}Leaving the cash in her financial savings account for an additional 2 years at 1.25%,start{align*}
A &= 8213.2 occasions (1.0125)^2
&approx $ 8419.81 textual content{(2 d.p.)}.
finish{align*}

 

Query 26a

To seek out the utmost top, first differentiate (y(t)) with respect to (t).

start{align*}
y(t) &= -5t^2 + 70t + 100
y'(t) &= -10t + 70
y”(t) &= -10
finish{align*}
Stationary level is attained when (y'(t) = 0), so substituting in,
start{align*}
y'(t) &= 0
-10t + 70 &= 0
∴ t &= 7
finish{align*}
Confirm that (t = 7) is a most as a result of (y”(7) = -10 < 0).Therefore, the utmost top reached by the particle is,start{align*}
y(7) &= -5(7)^2 + 70(7) + 100
y(7) &= 345 textual content{ m}
finish{align*}

Query 26b

So as to discover the speed, i.e. (y'(t)) of the particle earlier than hitting the bottom. First discover (t) when the particle has a top of zero, i.e. (y(t) = 0).

start{align*}
y(t) &= 0
-5t^2 + 70t + 100 &= 0 textual content{(use quadratic method)}
∴ t &= 7 pm sqrt{69}
finish{align*}Since (7 – sqrt{69} < 0), then the particle hits the bottom when (t = 7 + sqrt{69}).
Then, we are going to solely discover (y'(7 + sqrt{69})),start{align*}
y'(7 + sqrt{69}) &= -10(7 + sqrt{69}) + 70
&= -70 – 10sqrt{69} + 70
&= – 10sqrt{69}
finish{align*}(∴textual content{ velocity } = -10 sqrt{69} ; textual content{m}^2)

 

Query 27a

The turning level under is at (6,400) the place the x-intercepts are at 0 and 12.

2021 HSC Maths Adv Exam Paper Solutions question 27a graph

Query 27b

start{align*}
E &= int_{a}^{b} P(t) ; dt
&= int_{a}^{b} 400 sinleft( frac{pi}{12} tright) ; dt
&= frac{400 occasions 12}{pi} left[ -cosleft( frac{pi}{12}tright)right]_{a}^{b}; dt
&= frac{4800}{pi} left[ cosleft( frac{api}{12}right) – cosleft( frac{bpi}{12}right)right]
finish{align*}

 

Query 27c

Use half (b) and let (a = 3) and (E=300), then clear up for (b).

start{align*}
300 &= frac{4800}{pi} left[ cosleft( frac{3pi}{12}right) – cosleft( frac{bpi}{12}right)right]
frac{300 pi}{4800} &= frac{1}{sqrt{2}}- cosleft( frac{bpi}{12}proper)
cosleft( frac{bpi}{12}proper) &= frac{1}{sqrt{2}} – frac{pi}{16}
b &= frac{12}{pi} cos^{-1} left(frac{1}{sqrt{2}} – frac{pi}{16}proper)
b &approx 3.95238
finish{align*}Therefore, ready time isbegin{align*}
b – a &= 3.95238 – 3
&= 0.95238 ; textual content{hours}
&approx 57.142 ; textual content{minutes}
finish{align*}Subsequently, the least period of time that Kenzo should wait to the closest minute is 58 minutes.

 

Query 27d

From the graph drawn partly (a), we are able to observe that the utmost energy output is attained 6 hours after dawn. Thus it could not require as lengthy for Kenzo to cost his cellphone ranging from 6 hours after dawn as in comparison with ranging from 3 hours after dawn.

Query 28a

First discover the x-intercept of the perform (f(x) = 8 – 2^x).

start{align*}
0 &= 8 – 2^x
2^x &= 8
∴ x &= 3
finish{align*}Subsequent, combine (f(x)) from 0 to three to be able to discover the realm below the curve.start{align*}
textual content{Space}
&= int_{0}^{3} 8 – 2^x ; dx
&= left[ 8x – frac{2^x}{ln{(2)}}right]_{0}^{3}
&= left(8(3) – frac{2^{(3)}}{ln{(2)}}proper) – left( 8(0) – frac{2^{(0)}}{ln{(2)}}proper)
&= 24 – frac{8}{ln(2)} + frac{1}{ln(2)}
&= 24 – frac{7}{ln{(2)}}
finish{align*}

 

Query 28b

The graph under has an x-intercept at 2 and asymptote of (y=-8).

2021 HSC Maths Adv Exam Paper Solutions question 28b graph

 

Query 28c

start{align*}
int_{2}^{5} g(x) ; dx
&= int_{-3}^{0} -f(-x) ; dx
&= int_{0}^{3} -f(x) ; dx
&= – int_{0}^{3} f(x) ; dx
&= – left[ 24 – frac{7}{ln{(2)}}right]
&= frac{7}{ln{(2)}} – 24
finish{align*}

 

Query 29a

Let (A_n) be the quantity within the account on Megan’s n-th birthday.

start{align*}
A_1 &= 5000(1.03) + 1000
A_2 &= A_1(1.03) + 1000 = 5000(1.03)^2 + 1000(1.03) + 1000
A_3 &= A_2(1.03) + 1000 = 5000(1.03)^3 + 1000(1.03)^2 + 1000(1.03) + 1000 = $8554.54
finish{align*}

Query 29b

We’re on condition that (A_{17} = 30 025.83).
Let (B_n) be the quantity within the account after the n-th annual withdrawal.

start{align*}
B_1 &= A_{17}(1.03) – 2000
B_2 &= A_{17}(1.03)^2 – 2000(1.03) – 2000
&vdots
B_n &= A_{17}(1.03)^n – 2000[(1.03)^{n-1} + (1.03)^{n-2} + dots + 1.03 + 1]
&= A_{17}(1.03)^n – frac{2000(1 – 1.03^n)}{1 – 1.03}
finish{align*}Resolve for (B_n = 0),start{align*}
A_{17}(1.03)^n – frac{2000(1 – 1.03^n)}{1 – 1.03} &= 0
A_{17}(1.03)^n – frac{2000}{-0.03} + frac{2000(1.03)^n}{-0.03} &= 0
left(A_{17} – frac{2000}{0.03}proper)(1.03)^n &= – frac{2000}{0.03}
(1.03)^n &= – frac{2000}{0.03} occasions frac{1}{A_{17} – frac{2000}{0.03}}
n &= frac{1}{ln(1.03)} ln left(-frac{2000}{0.03} occasions frac{1}{A_{17} – frac{2000}{0.03}}proper)
&approx 20.249
finish{align*}Therefore, Megan could make a most of 20 withdrawals of ($2,000) earlier than her account stability is inadequate.

 

Query 30

Resolve for (x) when (F(x) = 0.99)

start{align*}
0.99 &= 1- e^{-0.01x}
e^{-0.01x} &= 0.01
-0.01x &= frac{ln{(0.01)}}{-0.01}
∴ x &= 460.52 textual content{ hours (2 d.p.)}
finish{align*}

 

Query 31

start{align*}
y &= x^2 – 1
frac{dy}{dx} &= 2x
finish{align*}Equate the gradient of the tangent when (x = a) with the gradient of the road that passes via ((3, -8)) and ((a, a^2-1)),start{align*}
frac{-8 – (a^2 – 1)}{3 – a} &= 2(a)
-8 – a^2 + 1 &= 6a – 2a^2
a^2 – 6a -7 &= 0
(a – 7)(a + 1) &= 0
∴ a &= 7, -1
finish{align*}Subsequently, the 2 factors on (y = x^2-1) the place their tangents go via ((3,-8)) are (A(7,48)) and (B(-1, 0)).
Utilizing the point-gradient method, the equation of the tangent at (A(7,48)) isbegin{align*}
y – 48 &= 14(x – 7)
y &= 14x – 98 + 48
∴ y &= 14x – 50
finish{align*}Equally for (B(-1,0)),start{align*}
y – 0 &= -2(x + 1)
∴ y &= -2x – 2
finish{align*}

 

Query 32

Let (X) be a feminine’s top within the inhabitants and (Y) be a male’s top.

start{align*}
P(X< 175) &= 97.5%
P(X < 160.6) &= 16%
P(Y < h) &= 84%
finish{align*}Our goal is the discover (h). Utilizing the empirical rule with the knowledge given above.start{align*}
mu + 2sigma &= 175 & textual content{(1)}
mu – sigma &= 160.6 & textual content{(2)}
finish{align*}Subtracting equation (1) by (2) givesbegin{align*}
3 sigma &= 14.4
∴ sigma &= 4.8
finish{align*}Substitute (sigma = 4.8) into (1),start{align*}
mu + 2(4.8) &= 175
mu = 165.4
finish{align*}Therefore, for the grownup male inhabitants, the imply is (1.05 mu = 173.67) and the usual deviation is (1.1 sigma = 5.28).
Since being (84%) taller than the male inhabitants is 1 normal deviation above the imply, then we are able to calculate (h) asbegin{align*}
h &= 1.05 mu + 1.1 sigma
&= 173.67 + 5.28
&= 178.95 ; textual content{cm}
finish{align*}

 

Query 33a

Utilizing the truth that the entire likelihood is all the time (1),

start{align*}
int_{-infty}^{infty} f(x) ; dx &= 1
int_{0}^{6} frac{Ax}{x^2 + 4} ; dx &= 1
A left[frac{1}{2} ln{(x^2 + 4)}right]_{0}^{6} &= 1
frac{A}{2}left[ln(40) – ln(4)right] &= 1
finish{align*}start{align*}
∴ A &= frac{2}{ln{(40)} – ln{(4)}}
&= frac{2}{ln(frac{40}{4})}
&= frac{2}{ln(10)}
finish{align*}

 

Query 33b

Discover when the primary spinoff is the same as zero to search out the utmost turning level.
The primary spinoff is

(frac{dy}{dx} = frac{2}{ln{(10)}} left[frac{4 – x^2}{(x^2+4)^2} right])
Resolve for (frac{dy}{dx} = 0),start{align*}
frac{2}{ln{(10)}} left[frac{4 – x^2}{(x^2+4)^2} right] &= 0
4 – x^2 &= 0
x &= pm 2
∴x &= 2 textual content{ since } x in [0, 6]
finish{align*}

 

Query 33c

start{align*}
P(X < 2) &= int_{0}^{2} frac{Ax}{x^2 + 4} ; dx
&= frac{2}{ln{(10)}}left[frac{1}{2} ln{(x^2+4)} right]_{0}^{2}
&= frac{1}{ln{(10)}} left[ln{left(2^2 + 4right)} – ln{left(0^2 + 4right)} right]
&= frac{1}{ln{(10)}} left[ln{(8)} – ln{(4)} right]
&= frac{ln{left(frac{8}{4} proper)}}{ln{(10)}}
&= frac{ln{(2)}}{ln{(10)}}
∴ P(X <2) &= log_{10}{(2)} textual content{(utilizing change of base rule)}
finish{align*}

Query 33d

We are able to write the next information through the use of the empirical rule and outcomes from earlier components:

start{align*}
&P(IQ > 130) = 2.5% = 0.025
&P(X < 2) = log_{10}{(2)}
&P(X < 2 | IQ > 130) = 80% = 0.8
finish{align*}The goal is to search out the likelihood that an individual has an IQ larger than 130, on condition that they’ll full the puzzle in lower than two hours.
That’s, we need to discover (P(IQ > 130 | X < 2)),start{align*}
P(IQ > 130 | X < 2) &= frac{P(IQ < 130 textual content{ and } X < 2)}{P(X < 2)}
&= frac IQ > 130) occasions P(IQ > 130){P(X < 2)}
&= frac{0.8 occasions 0.025}{log_{10}(2)}
&approx 0.066 textual content{(3 d.p.)}
finish{align*}

 

Query 34

start{align*}
Eleft(Xright) &= r occasions r^n + r^2 occasions r^{n – 1} + … + r^{okay} occasions r^{n – okay + 1} + .. + r^n occasions r
Eleft(Xright) &= r^{n + 1} + r^{n + 1} + … + r^{n + 1} textual content{ (the summation is $r^{n + 1}$ summed $n$ occasions)}
Eleft(Xright) &= n(r^{n + 1})  … (1)
finish{align*}Additionally word that the summation of the possibilities equate to at least one.start{align*}
sum_{x}P(X = x) &= 1
r^n + r^{n – 1} + … + r &= 1
frac{r occasions (1 – r^n)}{1 – r} &= 1
∴ r^{n+1} &= 2r – 1 … (2)
finish{align*}By substituting equation (2) into equation (1),start{align*}
∴ Eleft(Xright) &= n(2r – 1)
finish{align*}

 

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